Vitamin D, in the best clinic in autoimmune, inflammatory infectious and Demelinizing diseases: a critical analysis

The term demyelination is used to characterize any inflammatory changes that occur in the medullary or cephalic region.  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and in general, besides being inflammatory [08, 25], demyelinating and with significant neuronal degeneration, it is considered an important cause of permanent disability in young adults [02-05]. The inflammatory process occurs by an irregular immune response usually mediated by T cells and acts as autoantigens and leads to destruction of the myelin sheath with genetic predispositions [21]. Thus, these chronic and disabling characteristics place a high cost on public health coffers by temporarily or permanently restricting the economic and social activities of their holders and also impacting the lives of their families in a financial and emotional way [15-18]. Still regarding the high cost treatment to inflammatory-infectious processes, primary and autoimmune demyelinating agents, such as sepsis in the adult and child population is considered a critical disease as the main cause of death in children intensive care in Brazil. In recent years in Brazil [24], the high rate of death from sepsis in Brazilian intensive care units has surpassed deaths from stroke and infarction and approximately 230.000 adult patients undergoing intensive care unit treatment have sepsis and estimated 55.7% of hospitalized patients with sepsis died [24]. It is recognized that Vitamin D deficiency is common in both children and adults hospitalized in severe clinical conditions in intensive care [06-12]

Canine Fetal Peritonitis

Background: The occurrence of neonatal diseases and neonatal deaths in canines are considered higher in the first days of life of individuals and bacterial diseases are considered the second most common cause. Inflammation of the mesothelial lining of the abdominal cavity is referred peritonitis, which can be classified as primary or secondary and there is no description on the occurrence of canine fetal peritonitis in the veterinary literature. The objective of this study is to describe a case of canine fetus peritonitis, presenting abnormal sonographic findings of the fetus and abnormalities identified after birth that were not yet described in veterinary literature.Case: A female Poodle, six years of age, considered healthy and without clinical complications during the gestational period, was referred for sonographic evaluation at the end of the pregnancy, in order to evaluate of the fetal viability and estimate the gestational period. By ultrasound examination, two canine fetuses were identified and based on its morphogenesis and biparietal diameter, the estimated gestational age was approximately 58 days. On the individual examination of each of the fetus by ultrasound, it was found that one of them had normal sonographic findings and on the second canine fetus it was found an increase of the intra-abdominal echogenicity of tissues, loss of the sonographic definition of the intestinal loops and presence of laminar anechoic areas between the interfaces of organs, consistent with abdominal effusion. Parturition occurred the following day of the ultrasound examination no complications and with the birth of two canine fetuses. About six hours after birth, one of the neonates showed dyspnea, hypothermia, areas of ecchymosis, suffusion in the ventral abdominal region, icteric and pale mucous membrane and the presence of abdominal fluid and came to death about 30 min after. Cytological analysis of the sample revealed exuberant amount of erythrocytes, fibrin and leukocytes. Culture revealed infection by Staphylococccus aureus and Enterococcus sp. Presence of bloody fluid in the abdominal cavity was observed at necropsy, with yellowish parietal surface of the thoracic and abdominal cavities and petechiae on the lungs, heart, stomach surfaces and intestinal mucous membrane. Microscopically, the lungs showed extensive areas of parenchymal consolidation, vascular congestion and intense inflammatory infiltrate in the alveolar wall; the liver was characterized by vascular congestion, areas of degeneration of hepatocytes and presence of calcified foci, necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates. Associating the results and findings of the exams was possible to conclude the diagnostic of fetal peritonitis.Discussion: The visualization of abnormal findings in affected fetus by a gestational ultrasound exam makes this report inedited and relevant for veterinary obstetrics. This demonstrates the importance of ultrasound exam in pregnant bitches for early detection of maternal fetal diseases. Presence of abdominal fluid and increased mesenteric ochogenicity associated with loss of the intestinal loop definition corroborates with the clinical suspicion of peritonitis in fetus. Findings on the anatomopathological examination, cytology and culture allowed conclusion of the cause of death. Bacterial forms in the cytological smear supported the diagnostic suspicion of peritonitis. Gestational ultrasound exam performed in this report was essential for proper conduct of the pregnant bitch and viability of the fetuses, suggesting that the detected fetal abnormalities showed predictive value in the viability of diseased individual. This case report contributes with the description of canine fetal peritonitis

Vitamin D3 Supplementation: An Option Associated with The Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic complex neurodegenerative disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on observational studies and analytics on impact of Vitamin D supplementation in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. In our research, a total of 457 articles were selected and identified for analysis. This systematic review article and meta-analysis, which included evidence from randomized controlled trials conducted with patients with multiple sclerosis, revealed that Vitamin D3 supplementation is effective as an option associated with the treatment of this disease, and that it also has a diffuse protective role against various remission outbreaks in the health. Doses (50,000 IU/week) are appropriate to restore neuroimmunological parameters when used within 12 weeks

The Use of Vitamin D in The Infectious Process in The Hospital Period in Childhood Effective?

Goals: To verify whether the use of Vitamin D as parallel therapy to hospital and drug treatment can be effective in the process of infectious reduction in hospitalized children. Data source: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, published between 2011 and the first quarter of 2019, in the Cochrane Library, Medline, US National Library of Medicine and the National Institute of Health (PubMed), Literature databases. Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs), Scopus and Web of Science. The studies were scored by the Down and Black scale associated with the quality assessment method according to the Cochrane criteria (RCT). Summary of the data: Of the 1475 studies, 09 were included. There is a direct relationship between Vitamin D level and mortality rate in hospitalized children with infections. Conclusion: This study highlighted that the vitamin D deficiency in children under serum analysis during hospitalization triggers severe immunological changes

Tratamento com glicosaminoglicanos polissulfatados no processo cicatricial tendíneo em eqüinos: análise morfológica

Os glicosaminoglicanos polissulfatados (GAGPS) são amplamente utilizados no tratamento das doenças articulares degenerativas de várias espécies. O escopo deste estudo foi o de analisar morfologicamente o efeito do tratamento com glicosaminoglicanos polissulfatados (GAGPS) na organização do colágeno na área de regeneração tendínea de tendões flexores superficiais em dez cavalos árabes de ambos os sexos após injúria pela colagenase. Segmentos de 20 tendões flexores digitais dos membros torácicos lesionados pela colagenase e tratados com GAGPS (n=10) ou com salina (n=10) foram corados pelo método de picrossírius e analisados em microscópio de luz polarizada 150 dias após a injúria. A análise morfométrica foi realizada contando-se o número de feixes de colágeno organizados e desorganizados em cada um dos animais, em lâminas coradas pelo método de picrossírius empregando-se ocular integradora Carl Zeiss. A área delimitada pela ocular integradora foi determinada por meio de retículo quadriculado (Olympus, Tokyo). Para as contagens foram tomados ao acaso cinco campos, de dois cortes em duas lâminas de cada animal onde foram considerados os feixes presentes nos pontos de intercessão das linhas do retículo. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente e revelaram significante aumento das fibrilas de colágeno organizadas nos tendões tratados com GAGPS. Desta forma, conclui-se que GAGPS foi efetivo na regeneração tendínea, sendo assim indicado por seu efeito morfológico no processo cicatricial observado neste estudo.The aim of this study was to accompany the process of testicular development from the indifferentiable phase to its complete formation. Embryos and fetuses of Nelore breed cows (Bos taurus indicus) were obtained in slaughterhouses near the Uberlandia city, Minas Gerais. As soon as the females were slaughtered, the uterus was opened and the embryos and fetuses gathered. The gonads and the smaller embryos were fixed in Bouin's fixative and afterwards processed for conventional optical microscopy. It was carried out the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) from parts of embryos whose sex could not be identified macroscopically. The gonadal ridge was observed firstly in a 1.0 cm long embryo. In 2.5 cm long embryos the presence of the albuginea allowed the sex identification. The mean thickness of the albuginea ranged from 29.1 to 558.5 mm. Gradually increase of vascularization of the albuginea and parenchyma was observed. The mediastinum was located centrally. There was a decrease in the space occupied by the testicular cords, from 63.7 to 42.0 % of the total testes volume. Its diameter ranged from 31.7 to 48.8 mm. The diameter of germinal cells (and their nuclei) ranged from 12.3 (6.6) to 16.9 914.2) mm. The quantity of germinal cells by cross section of cord decreased from a maximum of 2.8 to 0.86. The total number of germinal cells was from 16 at the beginning of colonization of the gonad to 18.3 x 106 at the end of the study. The number of Sertoli's cells by cross section of cord ranged from 10.0 to 16.2. The results showed that the origin and formation of testes in embryos and fetuses from Nelore breed cows (Bos taurus indicus) does occur in a very similar way to what is described for Bos taurus taurus

Use of castor oil polyurethane in an alternative technique for medial patella surgical correction in dogs Utilização do poliuretano de mamona em técnica alternativa de correção cirúrgica da luxação medial de patela em cães

PURPOSE: Comparative morphologic study of utilization of castor oil polymer in dogs joints, as an alternative technique to autogenous graft, in surgical correction of medial patella luxation. METHODS:Twelve adult dogs, of both sexes, were randomly allocated to two different groups of six animals each. Group I (biopolymer) consisted of the deepening of the right femoral troclea, with the implantation of the biopolymer prothesis, and compared to group II (control) which consisted of the conventional trocleoplastia technique with wedged cut of the left femoral troclea. The dogs were sacrified after 30 or 90 days and the anathomic peaces were analyzed macro and microscopically. Qui square and Wilcoxon tests were used for the statistic analyses of the results, considering probability of 5%. RESULTS: It was not observed bony integration on the castor oil polymer group. There was resorption of the graft along experimental period and absence of inflammatory cells in the studied periods. CONCLUSION: Castor oil polymer assisted cicatrisation process, was biocompatible without inflammation, and it can be used in joints as an alternative for bony filling.<br>OBJETIVO: Estudo morfológico do implante da prótese de polímero de mamona em articulações de cães, como técnica alternativa ao enxerto ósseo autógeno na correção cirúrgica da luxação medial de patela. MÉTODOS: Doze cães adultos, de ambos os sexos, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 6 animais. No grupo I (poliuretano) foi feito o aprofundamento da tróclea femoral direita com prótese de polímero de mamona, que foi comparado com o grupo II (controle) sendo feita a trocleoplastia por ressecção em cunha da tróclea femoral esquerda. Os animais foram sacrificados após 30 e 90 dias e as peças anatômicas foram avaliadas macro e microscopicamente. O teste do quiquadrado e o teste não-paramétrico de Wilcoxon foram utilizados para a análise estatística dos resultados. Fixou-se em 5%, o nível de rejeição da hipótese de nulidade. RESULTADOS: Não foi observada interação óssea (osteointegração) no grupo polímero de mamona. Houve reabsorção do enxerto ao longo do período experimental e ausência de células inflamatórias nos períodos analisados. CONCLUSÃO: O polímero de mamona auxiliou no processo cicatricial, foi biocompatível sem presença de inflamação, podendo ser usado em articulações como uma alternativa para o preenchimento ósseo